Correctness Rules

This document details the rules available in the Correctness category.

Available Rules

Rule	Code
Assert Description	assert-description
Identity Comparison	identity-comparison
Invalid Open Tag	invalid-open-tag
No Assign In Condition	no-assign-in-condition
No Boolean Literal Comparison	no-boolean-literal-comparison
No Empty Catch Clause	no-empty-catch-clause
Parameter Type	parameter-type
Property Type	property-type
Return Type	return-type
Strict Assertions	strict-assertions
Strict Behavior	strict-behavior
Strict Types	strict-types

---

assert-description

Detects assert functions that do not have a description.

Assert functions should have a description to make it easier to understand the purpose of the assertion.

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"warning"

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

assert($user->isActivated(), 'User MUST be activated at this point.');

Incorrect Code

<?php

assert($user->isActivated());

---

identity-comparison

Detects equality and inequality comparisons that should use identity comparison operators.

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"warning"

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

if ($a === $b) {
    echo '$a is same as $b';
}

Incorrect Code

<?php

if ($a == $b) {
    echo '$a is same as $b';
}

---

invalid-open-tag

Detects misspelled PHP opening tags like <php? instead of <?php.

A misspelled opening tag will cause the PHP interpreter to treat the following code as plain text, leading to the code being output directly to the browser instead of being executed. This can cause unexpected behavior and potential security vulnerabilities.

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"note"

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

echo 'Hello, world!';

Incorrect Code

<php?

echo 'Hello, world!';

---

no-assign-in-condition

Detects assignments in conditions which can lead to unexpected behavior and make the code harder to read and understand.

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"warning"

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

$x = 1;
if ($x == 1) {
    // ...
}

Incorrect Code

<?php

if ($x = 1) {
    // ...
}

---

no-boolean-literal-comparison

Disallows comparisons where a boolean literal is used as an operand.

Comparing with a boolean literal (true or false) is redundant and can often be simplified. For example, if ($x === true) is equivalent to the more concise if ($x), and if ($y !== false) is the same as if ($y).

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"note"

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

if ($x) { /* ... */ }
if (!$y) { /* ... */ }

Incorrect Code

<?php

if ($x === true) { /* ... */ }
if ($y != false) { /* ... */ }

---

no-empty-catch-clause

Warns when a catch clause is empty.

An empty catch clause suppresses exceptions without handling or logging them, potentially hiding errors that should be addressed. This practice, known as "exception swallowing," can make debugging significantly more difficult.

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"warning"

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

try {
    // some code that might throw an exception
} catch(Exception $e) {
    // Handle the error, log it, or re-throw it.
    error_log($e->getMessage());
}

Incorrect Code

<?php

try {
    // some code
} catch(Exception $e) {
    // This block is empty and swallows the exception.
}

---

parameter-type

Detects parameters that are missing a type hint.

Requirements

• PHP Version: PHP >= 7.0.0

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"warning"
ignore-closure	boolean	false
ignore-arrow-function	boolean	false

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

function foo(string $bar): void
{
    // ...
}

Incorrect Code

<?php

function foo($bar): void
{
    // ...
}

---

property-type

Detects class-like properties that are missing a type hint.

Requirements

• PHP Version: PHP >= 7.4.0

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"warning"

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

class Foo
{
    public int $bar;
}

Incorrect Code

<?php

class Foo
{
    public $bar;
}

---

return-type

Detects functions, methods, closures, and arrow functions that are missing a return type hint.

Requirements

• PHP Version: PHP >= 7.0.0

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"warning"
ignore-closure	boolean	false
ignore-arrow-function	boolean	false

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

function foo(): int {
    return 42;
}

Incorrect Code

<?php

function foo() {
    return 42;
}

---

strict-assertions

Detects non-strict assertions in test methods. Assertions should use strict comparison methods, such as assertSame or assertNotSame instead of assertEquals or assertNotEquals.

Requirements

• Integration: PHPUnit

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"warning"

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

final class SomeTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testSomething(): void
    {
        $this->assertSame(42, 42);
    }
}

Incorrect Code

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

final class SomeTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testSomething(): void
    {
        $this->assertEquals(42, 42);
    }
}

---

strict-behavior

Detects functions relying on loose comparison unless the $strict parameter is specified. The use of loose comparison for these functions may lead to hard-to-debug, unexpected behaviors.

Requirements

• PHP Version: PHP >= 7.0.0

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"warning"
allow-loose-behavior	boolean	false

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

in_array(1, ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'], strict: true);

Incorrect Code

<?php

in_array(1, ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']);

---

strict-types

Detects missing declare(strict_types=1); statement at the beginning of the file.

Requirements

• PHP Version: PHP >= 7.0.0

Configuration

Option	Type	Default
enabled	boolean	true
level	string	"warning"
allow-disabling	boolean	false

Examples

Correct Code

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

echo "Hello, World!";

Incorrect Code

<?php

echo "Hello, World!";

---